Progressive Era Essay - 889 Words

The role and responsibilities of the federal government changed drastically during the Progressive Era and the New Deal. Rapid changes after the Civil War brought on a need for economic, social and political reforms. Before the Progressive Era and the New Deal, the federal government took a very hands-off approach and had little involvement in, and little care for the welfare of the American people. With the Progressive Era and the New Deal, the federal government became more involved and responsive to the public and implemented many revisions and reforms. The Progressive Era was a time of political and economic transformation. The role and responsibilities of the federal government evolved. Reform was necessary because of the changes that†¦show more content†¦Through voluntary and collaborative means, the federal government rallied businesses and the public in support of the war effort. The federal government made political changes on a national level with the Sixteenth, Se venteenth, Eighteenth and Nineteenth Amendments. The Sixteenth Amendment imposed an income tax. The Seventeenth Amendment allowed for the direct election of U.S. Senators. The Eighteenth Amendment established the prohibition of alcoholic beverages and the Nineteenth Amendment prohibited any U.S. citizen from being denied the right to vote based on sex. During the Progressive Era, social reform and cultural changes also occurred. Consumerism was at an all time high. It became a time of economic prosperity. With the introduction of electricity came household appliances. Movies, automobiles, radios, telephones, magazines, and advertising were in the forefront. While consumption prompted the economy in a forward direction, other economic issues arose throughout the country. Agriculture and mining were not prospering. The steel and textile industries were standing idly. The nation also relied too heavily on credit in order to maintain product demand and economic expansion. Lastly, consum er confidence led to over-speculation in stocks. This inevitably led to the Stock Market Crash of 1929, which in turn marked the beginning of the Great Depression. Franklin Delano Roosevelt came into office in 1933 during the depth of the GreatShow MoreRelatedProgressives And The Progressive Era1253 Words   |  6 PagesThe progressive Era was times in History were local state and federal government took a leap forward in power and activism. In addition, the progressive era, was a time of development of new reforms and changes for America. Progressivism handles a wide range of problems and struggle for America. Such problems were created by unstructed industrialization, urbanization and immigration. As well as, the unfavorable distribution of power and wealth. Progressives believed strongly that problems such asRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Era1949 Words   |  8 Pagesshaped the United States throughout all of history. The most important of these changes, however, occurred dur ing America’s progressive era. The Progressive era is defined as the time period of 1890 to 1920. Even though, progressive presidents were not in office during that entire time period, the ideals that they enacted and developed throughout the United States. The Progressive Era saw the expansion and contraction of political and economic freedoms through pure democracy. Socially, the new consumerRead MoreThe Progressive Era 938 Words   |  4 PagesThe Progressive Era was a time period between the years 1900-1920 and it marked a time in American history in which society was bursting with enthusiasm to improve life in the industrial age by making political and social changes through government action that ultimately led to a higher quality of life for American citizens. Progressives were known for their beliefs in limiting the power of big business, strengthening the power of the states, and were advocators against corruption and social injusticeRead MoreThe Progressive Era845 Words   |  4 Pages1--Discuss, in detail, the main overall goals of the Progressives. The Progressive Era was mainly a retaliation to numerous changes and social effects that were happening in America. The era emerged in the 1800’s from complications with the latest industrial order, which included workers who protested about how their jobs were unsafe and exhausting. They also focused on byproducts such as immigration, urban growth, growing corporate power, and widening class divisions. They were also known as humanitariansRead MoreThe Progressive Era Of The Revolutionary Era1723 Words   |  7 Pagesthe reformist movement? Why? The root of the Progressive Era comes from the emergence of industrialism in the United States had created some terrible problems and they wanted to work together to change the U.S government. Therefore, address the problems that had come about from the Industrial Revolution. The progressive era was all about making advances in a better society, the feature of democracy during the progressive movement a lot of these progressive at local state levels started to focus on cleaningRead MoreThe Importance Of The Progressive Era1310 Words   |  6 Pages The Progressive era was a time in America’s history when people started to call for the government’s help to face the problems industrialization brought. This era was extremely important because it helped the people achieve better conditions and helped the government to make better use of its powers. One of the most potent groups of progressivists were muckrakers; they used journalism to bring forward problems and injustices in society and the work industry (McKeown). The Triangle Shirtwaist FireRead MoreThe Progressive Movement Of The American Progressive Era1259 Words   |  6 PagesWhen it comes to the American Progressive Era there is really no other movement like it. This was a movement that had not just one but many faces that ranged from people as big as Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson to people like Jane Addams that accomplished so much. It was a movement so broad that it encompassed basically everyone and spoke not just to but for all those excluded from power. It also wasn’t just one big movement but a conglomeration of them varying from social, to economic, toRead More The Progressive Era Essay798 Words   |  4 Pagesall power rested with the politicians and businessmen. Reformers known as Progressives attempted to undo the problems caused by industrialization. The Progressive movement sought to end the influence of large corporations, provide more rights and benefits to wor kers, and end the control possessed by party leaders. At the national level, Progressivism centered on defeating the power of large businesses. The Progressive Era was a period in American history in which improving working conditions, exposingRead More The Progressive Era Essay984 Words   |  4 Pages The Progressive Era nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Progressivism in the United States took place in the period between the Spanish-American War and the entry of the United States into the great World War. It was a time for change in America in all walks of life, as well as a time for reform. It was marked by Theodore Roosevelts 7 and a half years in office, the Rough Rider put it upon himself to make the first strides towards reform. These reforms included the cracking down on illegal monopoliesRead MoreThe During The Progressive Era989 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Progressive Era, various groups responded to the political, social, and economic woes that resulted from the rapid industrialization and urbanization of America during the 19th Century. The mass immigration of foreigners and the northern migration of Africa-Americans led to urban overcrowding and competition for wage-paying jobs. Electric lighting allowed factories to expand the working hours and increase the output of manufactured goods. There was little regulation for employee welfare

Partition Of Indi The Indian Of Indian Subcontinent

Aryans Transform India: The Aryans moved into India and created a caste system comprised of four main social classes: Brahmins, warriors, peasants or traders, and shudras (non-Aryan laborers or craftspeople). These castes became more complex as purity and cleanliness became more important. Over the next few centuries, Aryan Kingdoms arose, one of them being Magadha. It expanded quickly and occupied almost the entire Indian subcontinent by the second century B.C. Cultural diffusion, described in the Mahabharata, also took place between Aryans and non-Aryans. †¢ Aryans: a group of Indo-European people whose homeland was between the Caspian and Aral Sea. They moved in the Indus River Valley of India around 1500 B.C. A famous piece of literature left by them is called the Vedas. In their language, â€Å"Aryan† meant â€Å"the nobles.† †¢ Vedas: A sacred literature left by the Aryans that displayed an idea of Aryan life. It’s comprised of four collections of prayers, magical spells, and instructions for performing rituals. The Big Veda, the most important part of the collections, contains 1,028 hymns to Aryan gods. In the beginning, the Vedas was passed orally from generation to generation. †¢ Brahmins: a priest in the social caste system. It is among the top of the caste system. Warriors, peasants or traders, and shudras followed this social class. †¢ Castes: the groups of social classes created by the Aryans. The term used to describe them was originally Varna (skin color) but was changed inShow MoreRelatedIncredible India3330 Words   |  14 Pagespopulation and strategic importance, in the last twenty years attributed to economic reforms. Mainland India is bounded by the Indian Ocean on the south, the Arabian Sea on the west, and the Bay of Bengal on the east; and it is bordered by Pakistan to the west; Bhutan, the Peoples Republic of China and Nepal to the north; and Bangladesh and Burma to the east. In the Indian Ocean, mainland India and the Lakshadweep Islands are in the vicinity of Sri Lanka and the Maldives, while Indias Andaman and

Liner Shipping Free Essays

AN INTRODUCTION TO LINER SHIPPING BUSINESS NATURE AND SCOPE OF LINER SHIPPING BUSINESS: LINER SHIPPING BUSINESS A BRIEF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SHIPPING THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF LINER SERVICE THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAMP SERVICE TYPES OF LINER SERVICE OPERATORS THE IMPORTANCE NEED FOR LINER SERVICE LINER TRADE ROUTES A BRIEF HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF SHIPPING:The spirit of enquiry – looking beyond the forests, mountains, deserts oceans. The era of explorations European expeditions Discovery of the Americas The Suez and Panama canals and other canals/waterways changed the course of shippingIndustrial Revolution Increase in trade Newer markets and opportunities Large-scale shipping lines only became widespread in the nineteenth century, after the development of the steamship in 1783. Great Britain was the center of development of the shipping line. We will write a custom essay sample on Liner Shipping or any similar topic only for you Order Now In 1819 the first steamship crossing of the Atlantic Ocean took place. By 1833 shipping lines had begun to operate steamships between Britain and British Empire possessions such as India and Canada. Three major British shipping lines were founded in the 1830s: The British and American Steam Navigation Company.The Great Western Steamship Company The Peninsular Steam Navigation Company. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 1. Evolution of Shipping as an industry that arose from man’s quest for seeking new frontiers and later on played a major role in world trade.2. Growth of markets from local to neighbouring settlements / villages / towns/cities/countries and continents across the oceans in the 18th century. Seafaring communities could be found all over the world, the Egyptians, the Phoenicians, the Greeks, the Romans, the Norwegians, the British, the Dutch, the Portuguese, the Chinese, the Indians and many more. 3. Discovery of new continents: The Americas and routes to various countries. The major man-made alterations in the geographic landscape that change the world. The Panama canal connected the Atlantic and the Pacific oceans while the Suez canal connected the Mediterranean sea in Europe and the Red Sea in Asia.4. Industrial Revolution and the invention of the steam engine caused a major shift in the way ships operated – wind powered to steam powered. The trade routes moved from being guided by wind and ocean currents to routes chartered by man to countries and continents around the globe. 5. The inter-dependence of people and their produce and the role of ship owners and merchants in the development of new markets overseas.6. The advent of Tramp and Liner Shipping Business as the demands of the merchants and trading community grew during the 19th and 20th to have regular service to destination of their choice that was dependable, reliable, fixed route and timeframe to meet the requirements of their overseas customer.Characteristics of Liner Shipping Tramp* vs Liner Shipping* Dictionary Meaning – vagrant, homeless, vagabondTramp service is driven by demands of the merchant in carrying goods in large quantities to specified location, does not have a fixed schedule or tariff in the sense that the freight rates are negotiable per voyage, Whereas Liner Shipping is driven by demands of the merchant in carrying goods in smaller quantities, that is unitized or break-bulk, on a specified route, operating with a regular schedule, to pre-advertised ports of call and fixed tariff.Types of Liner Service:   Break-bulk – lumber, wood-chips, liquids, grains, crude-oil, over dimension cargo. ? Container or cellular vessel – Containers Roll-on/Roll-off vessel – to carry fully built motor vehicles of all shapes sizes ? LASH (lighter* aboard ship) or Kangaroo ships, lighter transport ships ? Passenger/Luxury Cruise Liner – ferrying people on work or leisure†¢ A lighter is a gearless barge or a small vessel that can carry cargo along rivers waterways to the sea and then can be loaded onto the mother vessel in the port. The Classification of Service Pattern:1. The Feeder service2. RTW or round-the-world3. The Pendulum Service4. Hub and Spoke5. End-to-endReview questions:1. Explain the path of change the sea-borne trade has undergone to reach it present level. Also indicate the factors that influenced the growth of sea-borne trade.2. What is Tramp service?3. Identify the main characteristics of Liner Service4. Draw a comparision between Tramp and Liner Service5. Identify the various types of Liner Service6. How are the Liner Service pattern classified explain. THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF TRAMP SERVICE No fixed schedule – the ship calls at ports â€Å"subject to inducement†. Serves customers with large shipments Eg. Ore, coal steel, crude oil, food grains, fertilizers – full shiploads Freight rates are negotiable – No Tariff On a charter – voyage, time or bareboat THE MAIN CHARACTERISTICS OF LINER SERVICE: A fleet of ships sailing between pre-advertised port that call at the ports en-route to load/discharge cargo. Maintain a fixed schedule. Offer cargo space to customers irrespective of volume CY/FCL : Full container OR CFS/LCL : Less-than-container load Carry general cargo and/or unitized cargo in ISO containers A pre-deterimined Tariff structure based on port-pair commodity. Large organisation structure –network of office/agents Specified Port rotation for example: Bangkok-Laem Chabang-Ho Chi Minh City-Singapore- Chennai-Singapore–Laem Chabang-Bangkok Fixed schedule:BKK: Sat/Sun LCB: Mon/Mon VICT: Wed/Wed Cat lai: Wed/Thur SIN: Fri/SatMAA: Thur/Fri SIN : Wed/ThursLCB: Sat/SatBKK: Sat/SunROLL-ON/ROLL-OFF LINER SERVICE – HISTORY: At first, wheeled vehicles carried as cargo on ocean going ships were treated like any other cargo. Automobiles had their gas tanks emptied and their batteries disconnected before being hoisted into the ship’s hold, where they were chocked and secured. This process was tedious and difficult, vehicles were subject to damage, and could not be used for routine travel. Landing craft during World War II: Post war, the idea was adopted for merchant ships and short ferry crossings.The first RoRo service crossing the English channel began from Dover (Dover is a town and major ferry port in the county of Kent, in South East England. ) It faces France across the narrowest part of the English Channel†¦. TYPES of Roll on Roll off vessels: ROPAX The acronym ROPAX (roll on/roll off passenger) describes a RORO A ferry is a form of transport, usually a boat or ship, used to carry passengers and their vehicles across a body of water. Ferries are also used to transport freight and even railroad cars †¦. vessel built for freight vehicle transport but also with passenger accommodation.The ConRo vessel is a hybrid between a RORO and a container ship. A RoLo (roll-on lift-off) vessel is another hybrid vessel type with ramps serving vehicle decks but with other cargo decks accessible only by crane. Roll-on/roll-off (Roll on/Roll off) Ships were designed to carry wheeled cargo PCTC – Pure car- carriers or Pure Car /Truck Carriers: While the characteristics of seagoing RORO car ferries have inherent risks, there are benefits to its seaworthiness. For example the car carrier Cougar Ace The Motor ship Cougar Ace is a Singapore-flagged roll-on/roll-off car carrier vessel.The Cougar Ace was built by Kanasashi Co. of Toyohashi, Aichi and launched in June 1993†¦ . listed 80 degrees to its port side in 2006 but did not sink, since its high enclosed sides prevented water from entering. Unlike in the shipping industry where cargo is measured by the metric tonne, RORO cargo is typically measured unit of LIM â€Å"lanes in metres†. This is calculated by multiplying cargo length in metres by its width in lanes (lane width differs from vessel to vessel and there are a number of industry standards). Aboard PCCs cargo capacity is measured in RT or RT 43 units which is based on a 1966 Toyota or by car equivalent units (CEU). THE ERA OF CONTAINERIZATION: As the progress was made in terms of unitization of the goods that is packaging the goods in a suitable manner for proper stowage and safe carriage during a shipment from one country to another the simple box, case, crate, cask or drums, pallets, skids and vans slowly evolved the concept of containerization – container made of steel or aluminum that would make handling of cargo easier. Definition: Containerization is a method of distributing merchandise in a unitized form thereby permitting an intermodal transport system to be developed providing a possible combination of rail, road, canal and maritime transport. For as long as people have been sailing the oceans they have been trading with other countries. The great empires of the world, from the Egyptians to the British Empire, were all built on ocean trade. As far back as 1792, boxes similar to modern containers emerged in England and these were transported with horse and wagon and later moved via rail. The U. S. government used containers during the Second World War.Modern container shipping began in 1956, when Malcolm McLean, a trucking entrepreneur from North Carolina, U. S. bought a steamship company with the idea of transporting entire truck trailers with their cargo still inside. Various companies in the U. S. began to adopt containerisation. In 1966, the vessel Fairland owned by Sea-Land sailed from the U. S. to Rotterdam in the Netherlands with 256 containers. This was the first international voyage of a container ship. During the 1970s container shipping expanded dramatically and ports were established in every continent in the world. This was the beginning of the expansion that made container shipping the backbone of global trade.Transporting goods in large volumes makes it cheaper – ‘economies of scale’ improved and therefore the unit cost of the products became more competitive. Transporting goods by container ship is also better for the environment. It is estimated that on average a container ship emits around 40 times less CO2 than a large freight aircraft and three times less than a heavy truck. Container shipping is also estimated to be two and a half times more energy efficient than rail and 7 times more so than road. Container shipping is different from conventional shipping because it uses ‘containers’ of various sizes – 20 foot (6. 9 m), 40 foot (12. 18 m) , 45 foot (13. 7 m), 48 foot (14. 6 m), and 53 foot (16. 15 m) – to load, transport, and unload goods DEVELOPMENT OF SUITABLE INFRASTRUCTURE: The introduction of containers in shipping also saw the development of infrastructure at the port and the container yards that was required to handle the containers safely with the cargo. A container crane (also container handling gantry crane, ship-to-shore crane ) is a design of large dockside gantry cranes found at container terminals for loading and unloading intermodal containers from container ships.The first use of a container crane was constructed by Paceco Corp. for Matson (a marine terminal in Alameda, CA) in the early 1960s and was called a Portainer. Container cranes consistent of a supporting framework that can traverse the length of a quay or yard, and a moving platform called a â€Å"spreader†. The spreader can be lowered down on top of a container and locks on to the container’s four locking points (â€Å"corner castings†), using a â€Å"twist lock† mechanism. Cranes normally transport a single container at once, however some newer cranes have the capability to up pick upto four 20†² containers at once.A fully maneuverable version not using rails is a rubber tyred gantry crane Containers are generally referred to in te rms of TEU â€Å"Twenty foot equivalent† while the standard size of containers that exist in shipping are for further details the students may refer to the container specifications distributed: CONTAINER TYPES: DRY FREIGHT CONTAINERS INSULATED CONTAINERS REFRIGERATED CONTAINERS BULK CONTAINERS VENTILATED CONTAINERS FLAT RACK PLATFORM CONTAINERS OPEN-TOP CONTAINERS TANKS CONTAINERS SEA CELL CONTAINERS MILITARY CONTAINERS SWAPBODIES HANGER CONTAINERS How to cite Liner Shipping, Papers

Research in Consumer Behavior Customer Service Problems

Question: Describe about a Research in Consumer Behavior for Customer Service Problems? Answer: Introduction In order to achieve the high level of success in the business, the organizations have to understand the requirements of the customers to provide the superior services to them. All the business organizations are trying to understand the behavior of the customers for providing them best services. All types of business organizations are facing huge competitions in the present market as there are many companies with the same types of products or services (Sashi 2012). The competition is running over the rate of customer satisfaction and the companies are trying to get the desired level of success by providing the best customer services among the competitors. The problem is that all the business organizations are not able to provide the services in the extent they are expecting. The reason behind this problem is the failure of understanding the customers requirements. Different reasons of facing problem in providing the customer services will be discussed in this report (Paul and Rana 201 2). Less concentration in the collective information from the customers One of the major reasons of facing problem in providing the superior level of customer service is the lack of concentrating in the collective information from the customers. According to Hawkins (2012), it is impossible to predict what the customers are actually thinking, but it should be assumed by observing the behaviors of the customers. The effective perception about the consumer behavior can be developed by gathering the relevant information from the customers. In this area, the collection of relevant collective information from the customers is very important. The gap regarding the information is very serious problem in the area of customer service. The corporate promotional strategies and normal public relations are not so effective today for collecting the necessary collective information from the customers. The providers are able to watch the customers who are in the store and able to collect the information from them (Chen, Chen and Huang 2012). The problem is that the maxi mum customers of a business organization are in the outside area of the stores. In this scenario, the providers thought that they are collecting the necessary information from the customers are able to understand their perceptions about the organization. In this way, maximum customers are not considered for the collective information. Another problem is that most of the time, the buyers are bothered about collecting the information only about the product and services. According to Belk et al. (2012), an efficient service provider should gather information about all perspectives of their business and services from the customers. In this area, information about different types of policies followed by the business organization, performance standards and the safety standards should be gathered to understand the customer requirements. Do not focusing on the customer specific designs Another important area of the customer service problem is the designing of the products or the strategy used for providing the services to the customers. The scenario of the present market has been changed and the new technologies have been arrived for different sections of the business operations. Therefore, most of the business organizations are focusing on the use of new technologies and innovative ideas for designing the products or providing services to the customers (Sheth 2011). In this area, often the business organizations do not focus on the customers specifications. According to Mooij and Hofstede (2011), before applying any designs, the business organizations should focus on the facts preferred by the customers. In this area, different types of choices may come from the customers end and the business organizations may confused about the choice of the new design. It has been found that the choice of the designs varies over the gender and age of the customers. Therefore, it is not an easy task to develop customer specific designs for the customers. Buyers are unable to follow the user specific designs for all new products or services. In order to competing in the increased market competition, the business organizations are trying to adopt innovative ideas for the designs (Mazaheri, Richard and Laroche 2011). In this area, the business organizations should adopt the specifications of the major customers or in complex situations they can also adopt strategy of designing design types of same products for different types of customers. Customer specific designs should be followed for not only the designs of the new products or services. The business organizations should consider the customers specifications while designing the organizational or business strategy. In this area, the lack of customer specific designing can be seen in most of the organizations. As the main motive of each and every business is to provide the best customer services, they should focus in the customer specifications while developing the marketing and business strategies (Lu 2011). Gaps between the organizational intentions and the customer requirements Sometimes, it can be found that the business organizations fail to meet their desired level of success due the gaps between their intention and the customers requirements. In these types of cases, the customers are unable to understand that the organizations are trying to fulfill their requirements. It happens because of the wrong strategies followed by the business organizations. There is a huge gap between the theories and the practical applications of the customer services. It is very difficult to understand what the customers will like mostly (Haucap and Heimeshoff 2011). The frontline employees of a business organization are responsible for gathering the appropriate details about their perceptions regarding the services provided by the organization. It has been found that the customers feel disturbed for providing feedbacks about the services provided by the business organizations or a the new services they are trying to deliver, where these are gathered for fulfilling their req uirements (Solomon et al. 2014). It happens due to the wrong strategies chosen for the communication. The actual intention of the business organization should be efficiently communicated to the customers. The intention of fulfilling the customers requirements is not enough, the business organizations have to understand the requirements of the customers first and then should select a proper strategy which can be able to meet their intention (Oliver 2014). In this area, the business organizations should develop a strong relationship with their customers. Sometimes this gap is developed due to the inefficient training of the frontline employees. In order to achieve the desired level of success, the business organizations should provide effective training to the frontline employees about how to develop strong relationship with the customers and understand the way of communicating the actual intention of the organizations through their services (Kardes, Cronley and Cline 2014). Gaps between the intention and actual delivery of the services Another big issue of the customer service is the differences between the intention of the organization and the actual products or services delivered by them. It happens due to the ineffectiveness on developing the perceived product or services by the business organizations. It has been found that many business organizations has the intention of providing one type of service but the services does not meet the requirements of their intention. It happens due to the miscommunication among the employees of the organizations (Lantos 2015). In order to omit this gap, the business organization should develop a global strategy transparent to all the employees of the business organizations. All the employees should deliver the same information about the services or products. In order to do this, the business organizations have to provide proper training to all the employees. They should communicate the global objectives of the business and the effective way of fulfilling the objectives by deli vering the services which are able to meet the actual intention of the organization. In order to provide the services as per the intention of the organization, they should understand the customers satisfaction rate from their services (Cermak, File and Prince 2011). It can be happen that an organization thinks that they are providing the services which are able to fulfill all their intentions but the customers are not happy with the services. These types of incidents are the causes of customer retention and failure of making profit from some specific products or services. This problem should be avoided by the business organization by launching demo product or services for the customers. In this way, they can be able to launch the full range of products by understanding the demand of the customers or after making the necessary changes for fulfilling the customer requirements. Some of the business organizations are using the demo testing strategy for omitting the gap between the inten tion and the reality of the services, but maximum are not using which is a major problem in the area of customer services provided by the organizations (Brodie et al. 2011). Cost constraints or failure to meet the standards which can affect the service quality Cost is the most important fact of providing services to the customers. The customers are interested to get the superior quality products but they are also looking for the fewer pieces of the products. Most of the business organizations are fighting over the prices of the products or services in this intense market competition (Liu, Guo and Lee 2011). It has been found that some of the business organizations have failed to give the better quality of the products for reducing the prices of the products. In order to provide fewer prices of the products, the business organizations are trying to reduce the production costs of the products. This is the reason of failure to meet the standards of the service quality (Wright 2014). Wrong attitudes of the staff The attitudes of the employees are the most important part for providing the services to the customers. The frontline customers of the business organizations are responsible for resolving all the problems of the customers and the queries raised by them. The attitude of the front line employees should be very gentle and the communication skill of these employees should be very good (Lee 2013). Wrong attitudes of the employees are the major cause of the customer retention. The customers should get the effective level support while purchasing from the stores of the business organizations. In case of failure of finding any product in a store, the frontline employees of the stores have the responsibilities of providing effective level of support for finding the products. Every business organizations have their own policies for providing damage services or warranty (Guruswamy 2013). The employees who are associated with these tasks of the organizations have to be very sensible to the custo mers. The policies should be maintained by them but they also consider the situation of the customers. For an example, if one customer comes for exchanging a product after ne two days to the store, the employees should not behave rough with the customer or straight refusing to provide the exchange facility. Rather than straight refusing, the employees should try to understand about the problem of the customer. If proper causes found they should provide the required facilities. Sometimes, these can be causes of little loss in the business but these are good for developing the brand image which can be the cause of great profit in the business of the organizations (Nitzan and Libai 2011). Inefficient training of the employees and supply of the working materials Training is needed in every stage of work for an employee. It helps to improve employee performance by enhancing the required skills related to the employment designation. In the case of customer service, training is an essential part for enhancing the potential of relation within organization and their customers. Customer service section helps customers to deal with their queries, satisfaction as well as dissatisfaction of the company (Hawkins 2012). The organization would reveal significant brand name as well as customer base with proper customer service. Customer service helps employees and the organization to know the requirements of the customers and according to this; they can modify their service and products. In this context, training helps employees to be aware of the demands and behavior of their potent customers. On the other hand appropriate skills for handling different types of customers helps employees to reduce customer lose. However, some organizations, for cutting c osts, skip the training period of employees, some other organizations; do not focus more on providing adequate training to their employees (Mazaheri, Richard and Laroche 2011). As a result, inefficient training would result in poor customer service, thereby affecting negatively to the business. The consequences can include different events. Poor customer service by the inefficient employees can cause most forgiving of customers. Nowadays, customers are becoming more negotiable and more judgmental, having a number of compatible options, they are more prone to switch company based on the customer service provided by the company. Poor customer service by inefficient customers would also indicate loss of future customers with loss of reputation of the company (Oliver 2014). Gaps between the commitment of the sales employees and the actual services Organizations utilize appropriate customer services for satisfying their customers, with good customer service, the company can attract more precious customers. Customers observe if there is any gap within the commitment offered by the customer care service of an organization and the actual customer service provided by them. This gap identification can affect the organization negatively by enhancing customers dissatisfaction and attraction towards other similar alternatives in the market. One of the potent reasons behind these kinds of gaps is inadequate or inefficient communication within the sales persons and the customers (Wright 2014). Guruswamy (2013) reported that, for lack of training, sales persons sometimes become unable to resolve customers issues with product purchase or other services. When customers go with their queries to the customer service centre of the organization, for lack of commitment to their work or dissatisfaction to work or inefficient training the sales pe rsons are unable to make their issues clear, as a result, they become dissatisfied with the company. It can affect the productivity of the company as a whole (Sheth 2011). As the company is not meeting the commitment provided by their employees to the customers, it would promote the loss of customers and thereby reducing sales and productivity. Some company uses word of mouth communication as a tool of advertisements and promotions of their products or services, but when they deliver products, these do not match their committed features, resulting in customer dissatisfaction (Paul and Rana 2012). Conclusion After completing this report, it can be concluded that the best customer services can be provided by understanding the actual requirements of the customers and the perceptions of them. In this area, there are some potential gaps between the intentions of the business organizations and the requirements of the customers. Sometimes, it also has been found that the business organizations are intending to fulfill the requirements of the customers, but the strategies are wrong or they are unable to communicate this intention to their customers. The attitudes of the workers are very important for satisfying the customers. In this area, the frontline employees should have effective level of training from the management of the business organizations. The business organizations should keep the commitment made before providing the services to the customers. Important issues regarding the customer service providing by the business organizations have been discussed in this report and it can be co ncluded that the business organizations will be able to provide the best customer services by avoiding the discussed issues. References Belk, R.W., Askegaard, S. and Scott, L. eds., 2012.Research in consumer behavior. Emerald Group Publishing. Brodie, R.J., Hollebeek, L.D., Juric, B. and Ilic, A., 2011. Customer engagement: conceptual domain, fundamental propositions, and implications for research.Journal of Service Research, p.1094670511411703. Cermak, D.S., File, K.M. and Prince, R.A., 2011. 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